Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 1 No. 01 (2020)

Articles

Potassium Mobility Potential of Forest Soil In Kurdistan Region, Iraq, As Estimated By Quantity- Intensity (Q/I) Relationships

https://doi.org/10.38094/jgier115

Published 2020-10-02

  • Ghafoor A. Mam-Rasul
    • ,
  • Shuela M. Sheikh-Abdullah

Ghafoor A. Mam-Rasul
Department of Natural Resources, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Shuela M. Sheikh-Abdullah
Department of Natural Resources, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract

This study aimed to assess potassium(K) 's potential mobility for some soils located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Five soil samples were collected from a depth of (0-30) cm. For each sample, 5g of soil was equilibrated with 50 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2, amended with different K concentrations, and incubated for 24 h at 298 Kelvin. The supernatant was filtered, and K, Ca, and Mg were determined. Potassium exchange equilibrium was calculated from quantity-intensity (Q/I) isotherms. Mean AReK values for all studied soils ranged between 2.4x10-3 to 3.6x10-3(mol L-1)1/2, which reveals that K was preferentially held at inner potions. The amount of labile K(KL) ranged from 0.479 to 1.191cmolc kg-1 in studied soils. The highest value of KL was in Kanypanka while the lowest value was in Goizha. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) was between 619.56 and 857.37 cmolc kg-1(mol L-1) -1/2. All studied soils were characterized by low percent K saturation and a high ability to replenish K concentration in the soil solution. Gapon selectivity coefficient was relatively high and ranged from 5.64 to 7.88 L mol-1. Higher values of KL indicate a greater K release into the soil solution. Such a high affinity of K to the solid soil phase was attributed to both the elevated organic matter content in these soils and their strong buffering capacities.

Keywords

Forest soils, Gapon selectivity coefficient, labile K, Potential buffering capacity, Potassium quantity-intensity isotherms

PDF

References

  1. Abaslou, H. & Abtahi, A. (2008). Potassium quantity-intensity parameters and its correlation with selected soil properties in some soils of Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences 8(10), 1875-1882.
  2. Beckett, P.H.T. (1964a). Studies on soil potassium. I. confirmation of the ratio law: measurement of potassiumpotential. Journal Soil Science. 15(1), 1-8.
  3. Beckett, P.H.T. ( 1964b). Studied on soil potassium. II. The immediate Q/I relations of labile potassium in the soil. Journal of Soil Science. 15(1), 9-23.
  4. Beckett, P.H.T., Craig, J. B., Nafady, M.H.M., & Watson, P. J.( 1966).Study on soil potassium. V. The stability of Q/I relations. Plant Soil, 25 (3), 435-455.
  5. Day, P. R. (1965). Particle Fractionation and Particle-size Analysis. In Blacks, C. A. Methods of Soil Analysis-Part 1 Agronomy 9. American Society Agronomy Inc. Madison, WI. PP.545-567.
  6. Diatta, C.W., Waclaw, Z., & Grezebebisz, W. (2006). Evaluation of potassium quantity-intensity parameters of selected polish agricultural soils. Agronomy, 9(4), Available online http//www.eipau.media.pl.
  7. Griffin, G.P., & Jurinak,. J.J. ( 1973). Estimation of activity coefficient from the electrical conductivity of natural aquatic systems and soil extracts. Soil Science. 116 (1), 26 –30.
  8. Hesse, P.R. (1971). A textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis.William Clowes and Sons Limited, London. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). (2013). Methods of Soil, Plant, and Water Analysis: A Manual for the West Asia and North Africa Region. 3rd ed. ICARDA, Beirut, Lebanon. p.68-73.
  9. Jackson, M.L. (1958). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall. Inc., London.
  10. Kotur, S.C., & Rao, S.T. (1988). Quantity/intensity and quantity/potential studies in Na-Ca exchange system in some salt-affected soils. Journal of Soil Science. 39 (2), 199-207.
  11. Kozhekov, D.K., & Yakovleva, N.A. (1977). Determination of carbonates and carbonate minerals in soils. Soviet Soil Science, 9(5),620-626.
  12. Lalitha, M. & Dhakshinamoorthy, M. (2015). Quantity-intensity characteristics of Potassium (K) in relation to potassium availability under different cropping systems in alluvial soils. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(9), 2097-2103.
  13. LeRoux, J. (1966). Studied on Ionic Equilibria in Natal Soils. Ph.D. dissertation University of Natal., Republic of South Africa.
  14. LeRoux, J.&Sumner, M.E. ( 1968). Labile potassium in soils: I. Factors affecting the quantity-intensity (Q/I) parameters. Soil Science, 106 (1), 35-41.
  15. Mam-Rasul, Gh.A. (2008). Physico-chemical Behavior of potassium in Predominate Soil Orders of Sulaimani
  16. Governorate. Ph.D. dissertation University of Sulaimani, Agriculture College, Soil and Water Science Department, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
  17. Medvedeva, O.P. (1986). Agrochemical Methods of Soil Examination, Nauka, Moscow. p. 219–227. 1975.
  18. Metha, S.C., & Singh, M. (1986).Potassium adsorption kinetics in some soil samples. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 34,484-487.
  19. Ogwada, R.A., & Sparks, D.L. (1986).Use of mole or equivalent fraction in determining a thermodynamic parameter for potassium exchange in soils. Soil Science, 141 (4),268-273.
  20. Pal, Y., Wong, M.T.F., & Gilkes, R. I. (1999). The forms of potassium and potassium adsorption in some virgin soils from South-Western Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 37 (4), 695-709.
  21. Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline Soils. Agriculture Handbook No.60. USDA. Washington. DC.
  22. Rupa, T.R., Srivastava, S., Swarup, A, Sahoo, D., & Tembhare, B.R. (2003). The availability of potassium in Aeric Haplaquept and Typic Haplustert as affected by long-term cropping, fertilization, and manuring. Nutrient Cycling Agroecosystems, 65 (1), 1-11.
  23. Schouwenburg, J.Ch., & Van Schuffelen, A.C. (1963). Potassium exchanges behavior of an illite. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 11 (1), 13-22.
  24. Sharma, V., Sharma, S., Arora, S., & Kumar, A. (2012). Quantity–Intensity relationships of potassium in soils under some Guava Orchards on Marginal Lands. Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43 (11), 1550–1562.
  25. Sheikh-Abdullah, Sh. M. (2012). Effect of Plant Coverage on the Transformation of Mica to Expandable Minerals in Some Forest Soils of Kurdistan Region/Iraq. Ph.D. dissertation University of Sulaimani, Agriculture College, Soil and Water Science Department, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
  26. Sparks, D.L. (1999). Kinetics of Sorption/Release Processes on Natural Surfaces. In P.M. Huang, N. Senesi, and
  27. J. Buffle(ed.), Structure and Surface Reaction of Soil Particles. Vol. 4. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N Y.
  28. Spark, D. L., & Liebhardt, W.C. (1981). Effect of long-term lime and potassium application on quantity intensity relationships in sandy soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45(20), 786-790.
  29. Sparks, D.L., & Huang, P.M. (1986). Physical Chemistry of Soil Potassium. In: R.D. Munson. editors, Potassium in Agriculture. SSA, Madison. WI. p.201-276.
  30. Sposito, G. (1989). The chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, New York. NY.
  31. Wang, M., Zheng, Q., Shen, Q., & Guo, S. (2013). The critical role of potassium in plant stress response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,14(4), 7370–7390.
  32. Woodruff, C.M. (1955). Energies of replacement of Ca and K in soils. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings,19 (2), 167-171.
  33. Zharikova, E.A. (2004). Potential buffer capacity of soils with respect to potassium (by the example of the Amur River Region). European journal of soil science,37 (7),710–717.